Unveiling Gender Challenges: A Qualitative Exploration of Women Entrepreneurs' Experiences in Hunza, Pakistan

Abstract

This study aimed to unveil the gender challenges faced by women entrepreneurs of the
Hunza valley. Women entrepreneurs are a vital force in society, bringing about significant positive
impacts. Their businesses generate employment, contributing to job creation and reduced
unemployment rates. Keeping in view the significance of the topic under study, a survey was
conducted using a structured questionnaire with objective and subjective questions for in-depth
understanding. A total of 10 participants were interviewed, and questions were asked regarding their
work experience, the type of industry they work in, the various types of gender challenges faced by
them, and how much this impacts their business operations. After the data was collected, it was
analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. After analysis, it was found that most (60%) of the
entrepreneur women were associated with tourism and hospitality, while 30% were working in food
and beverage. A small portion (10%) belonged to services like a beautician. 50% of the participants
had work experience of 1-3 years, and 30% had been in the business for 4-6 years. 10 % of the
participants were either less than 1 year or more than 7+ years in the industry. 90% of participants said they have encountered some kind of gender related challenges during their work. Of which 40%
claimed that due to their gender, they faced limited access to financial resources, and 40% said they
had gone through gender biases and stereotypes. The participants reported that it had a significant
negative impact on their business. Despite the struggles, it was found that 70% of participants were
not provided with any kind of entrepreneurial support by local government or organisations. Only
30% received some training and skill development programs, mentorship, or networking
opportunities.